(TEKS: B.4, B.5, B.9, B.3)
Cells come in varying sizes and with different functions, but they are all over you and your surroundings. Don't be scared cells are very helpful and shape all the organisms around the world.
The Cell Theory:
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
Plant & Animal Cells: Plant and animal cells are very similar, but work a bit different. Both cells share the following organelles
Figure 2 demonstrates the organelles of a plant cell. These cells have a squared or rectangular shape. Organelles only found in plant cells are
Cells come in varying sizes and with different functions, but they are all over you and your surroundings. Don't be scared cells are very helpful and shape all the organisms around the world.
The Cell Theory:
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
Plant & Animal Cells: Plant and animal cells are very similar, but work a bit different. Both cells share the following organelles
- Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and leave the cell. Mainly composed of a lipid bilayer.
- Cytoplasm: Holds the organelles together and gives shape to the cell
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages substances produces in the cell
- Mitochondria: Energy giver/ producer (Powerhouse)
- Nucleus: Contains the DNA/ genetic information and gives functions in the cell (Boss)
- Ribosomes: Makes proteins for the cell
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: A path with ribosomes that helps synthesize proteins and transport biomolecules
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesize carbohydrates, female hormones, and lipids
- Cytoskeleton: Provides support and shape for the cell
- Centriole: helps in cell division by lining up the chromosomes and then pulling them apart.
- Lysosome: Digest excess or worn-out organelles or substances. Very rare in plant cells
- Small Vacuole: Stores food and removes worn-out material
Figure 2 demonstrates the organelles of a plant cell. These cells have a squared or rectangular shape. Organelles only found in plant cells are
- Cell Wall: Gives structure and strength to the cell
- Chloroplast: Capture light to produce ATP molecules
- Large Vacuole: Stores biochemicals, dispose of waste, and helps for growth
On figure 3 you are able to see a diagram of a prokaryotic cell.
Figure 4 shows a eukaryotic cell.
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/9/9/26991256/8865655.jpg)
More into cells, we will talk about how
Cells are unicellular organisms that can come together to create, give shape, reproduce, and grow to make the most complex and/ or simple organisms in the world. Cells have different functions. For example, one type of cell does not create your skin and help in your digestion. Each cell has a purpose and solemnly works on its goal which could be to protect against antigens or make more skin. In humans, when an embryo is being formed few cells are there, then they start diving into many. This division of the cells creates each cell differently. At the end, a set of cells might become the heart, another the eyes, and so on.
Practice Questions:
1. What is the main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells don't have a true nucleus, while eukaryotes do have a nuclear membrane
2. Which structure helps the cell to convert glucose into ATP energy?
Mitochondria
Chloroplast is found in this type of organisms.
Plants
3. What is the main function of the nucleus?
The nucleus stores the genetic information (RNA or DNA), which gives instructions to the whole cell.
4. Cell membranes are constructed mainly of
A. Lipid bilayer
B. Protein pumps
C. Carbohydrate Gates
D. Free- moving proteins
5. What is the main function of a ribosome?
Ribosomes make proteins for the cell to use.
6. A centriole is an organism that is:
A. Present in the center of a cell's cytoplasm
B. Composed of microtubules and important for organizing the spindle fibers
C. Surrounded by a membrane
D. Part of a chromosome
7. The control center or "boss" in a cell is?
The nucleus
8. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has ___________.
Ribosomes
9. The main function of the cell wall is to
A. Support and protect the cell
B. Store DNA
C. Help the cell move
D. Direct the activities of the cell
10.Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
A. All living things are made of cells
B. Cells come from existing cells
C. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
D. All cells contain the same organelles
11. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through
a. a microtubule.
b. the Golgi apparatus.
c. a ribosome.
d. the nucleus.
e. the plasma membrane.
12. Bacterial cell are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell they would
a. be smaller.
b. have a smaller nucleus.
c. lack a plasma membrane.
d. have fewer internal membranous compartments.
e. have a greater variety of organelles.
13. Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?
a. mitochondrion . . . photosynthesis
b. nucleus . . . cellular respiration
c. ribosome . . . manufacture of lipids
d. lysosome . . . movement
e. central vacuole . . . storage
14. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
a. the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall
b. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
c. the presence or absence of ribosomes
d. whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
e. whether or not the cell contains DNA
15. What controls most of the cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA.
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Nucleolus
16. What is a Cell membrane?
A.
A thin flexible barrier around the cell that regulates transport
B.
A rigid cover that provides support for the cell
C.
The place where light energy, water, and carbon dioxide are used
D.
Convert solar energy to chemical energ
17. What is the main function of the Cell Wall?
A.
To protect and provide support for the cell
B.
Builds proteins
C.
Convert solar energy to chemical energy
18. What regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support?
A.
Nucleus
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Cell Wall
D.
Cell Membrane
19. You will not find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
A.
Fungi
B.
Animal
C.
Plants
D.
All
20. Which organelle would you expect to find in a plant cell but not a animal cell?
A.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Mitochondria
C.
Ribosome
D.
Chloroplast
21. Which organelle makes food?
A.
The vacuole
B.
The nucleous
C.
The chloroplast
D.
The ribosome
22. Which organelles helps provide cell with energy and release energy?
A.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
C.
Mitochondria and chlorplasts
D.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
23. Which of the following is not a characteristic of prokaryotes?
A) DNA
B) cell membrane
C) cell wall
D) endoplasmic reticulum
24. The term "nuclear envelope" is more correct than the term "nuclear membrane" because
A) the enclosure has pores which membranes do not
B) the enclosure is made up of two membranes
C) the chemical composition is inconsistent with cellular membranes
D) None of the above. The two terms are perfect synonyms.
25. Ribosomes are made up of ____ subunits.
A) 0 (They are whole.)
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
26. Chromosomes are found in _____________________ of cells.
a) the nucleus
b) the cytoplasm
c) both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
27. A karyotype is a:
a) general term for any type of chromosome
b) type of abnormal chromosome that is associated with Down's syndrome
c) picture of an individual's chromosomes arranged in a standardized way
28. What structure is common to ALL cells?
a) Chloroplast
b) Cell membrane
c) Cell wall
d) Mitochondria
e) Flagella
29. Which is found in the nucleus?
(A.) ribosome
(B.) centrosome
(C.) vacuole
(D.) lysosome
(E.) chromosome
30. Which structure composed mainly of proteins and lipids, aids in maintaining homeostasis in the cell?
(A.) chromosome
(B.) centrosome
(C.) nucleolus
(D.) cell membrane
(E.) cell wall
cells function .
Cells are unicellular organisms that can come together to create, give shape, reproduce, and grow to make the most complex and/ or simple organisms in the world. Cells have different functions. For example, one type of cell does not create your skin and help in your digestion. Each cell has a purpose and solemnly works on its goal which could be to protect against antigens or make more skin. In humans, when an embryo is being formed few cells are there, then they start diving into many. This division of the cells creates each cell differently. At the end, a set of cells might become the heart, another the eyes, and so on.
Practice Questions:
1. What is the main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells don't have a true nucleus, while eukaryotes do have a nuclear membrane
2. Which structure helps the cell to convert glucose into ATP energy?
Mitochondria
Chloroplast is found in this type of organisms.
Plants
3. What is the main function of the nucleus?
The nucleus stores the genetic information (RNA or DNA), which gives instructions to the whole cell.
4. Cell membranes are constructed mainly of
A. Lipid bilayer
B. Protein pumps
C. Carbohydrate Gates
D. Free- moving proteins
5. What is the main function of a ribosome?
Ribosomes make proteins for the cell to use.
6. A centriole is an organism that is:
A. Present in the center of a cell's cytoplasm
B. Composed of microtubules and important for organizing the spindle fibers
C. Surrounded by a membrane
D. Part of a chromosome
7. The control center or "boss" in a cell is?
The nucleus
8. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has ___________.
Ribosomes
9. The main function of the cell wall is to
A. Support and protect the cell
B. Store DNA
C. Help the cell move
D. Direct the activities of the cell
10.Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
A. All living things are made of cells
B. Cells come from existing cells
C. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
D. All cells contain the same organelles
11. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through
a. a microtubule.
b. the Golgi apparatus.
c. a ribosome.
d. the nucleus.
e. the plasma membrane.
12. Bacterial cell are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell they would
a. be smaller.
b. have a smaller nucleus.
c. lack a plasma membrane.
d. have fewer internal membranous compartments.
e. have a greater variety of organelles.
13. Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?
a. mitochondrion . . . photosynthesis
b. nucleus . . . cellular respiration
c. ribosome . . . manufacture of lipids
d. lysosome . . . movement
e. central vacuole . . . storage
14. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
a. the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall
b. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
c. the presence or absence of ribosomes
d. whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
e. whether or not the cell contains DNA
15. What controls most of the cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA.
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Nucleolus
16. What is a Cell membrane?
A.
A thin flexible barrier around the cell that regulates transport
B.
A rigid cover that provides support for the cell
C.
The place where light energy, water, and carbon dioxide are used
D.
Convert solar energy to chemical energ
17. What is the main function of the Cell Wall?
A.
To protect and provide support for the cell
B.
Builds proteins
C.
Convert solar energy to chemical energy
18. What regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support?
A.
Nucleus
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Cell Wall
D.
Cell Membrane
19. You will not find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
A.
Fungi
B.
Animal
C.
Plants
D.
All
20. Which organelle would you expect to find in a plant cell but not a animal cell?
A.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Mitochondria
C.
Ribosome
D.
Chloroplast
21. Which organelle makes food?
A.
The vacuole
B.
The nucleous
C.
The chloroplast
D.
The ribosome
22. Which organelles helps provide cell with energy and release energy?
A.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
C.
Mitochondria and chlorplasts
D.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
23. Which of the following is not a characteristic of prokaryotes?
A) DNA
B) cell membrane
C) cell wall
D) endoplasmic reticulum
24. The term "nuclear envelope" is more correct than the term "nuclear membrane" because
A) the enclosure has pores which membranes do not
B) the enclosure is made up of two membranes
C) the chemical composition is inconsistent with cellular membranes
D) None of the above. The two terms are perfect synonyms.
25. Ribosomes are made up of ____ subunits.
A) 0 (They are whole.)
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
26. Chromosomes are found in _____________________ of cells.
a) the nucleus
b) the cytoplasm
c) both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
27. A karyotype is a:
a) general term for any type of chromosome
b) type of abnormal chromosome that is associated with Down's syndrome
c) picture of an individual's chromosomes arranged in a standardized way
28. What structure is common to ALL cells?
a) Chloroplast
b) Cell membrane
c) Cell wall
d) Mitochondria
e) Flagella
29. Which is found in the nucleus?
(A.) ribosome
(B.) centrosome
(C.) vacuole
(D.) lysosome
(E.) chromosome
30. Which structure composed mainly of proteins and lipids, aids in maintaining homeostasis in the cell?
(A.) chromosome
(B.) centrosome
(C.) nucleolus
(D.) cell membrane
(E.) cell wall